Visegrád, with its 1800 inhabitants, is considered to be the smallest town of Hungary. The development of the town center is a fine example for how the original exaggerating ideas were altered due to the economic crisis – besides its negative effects – and facilitated the birth of a sustainable development, satisfying the continuous needs of the local community and the temporary demands of tourism.
Visegrád is a thousand-year-old settlement, formerly used as royal residency, however the town today is rather rustic in terms of its scale and buildings. In 2000, after acquiring the town status, the settlement undertook a monumental mission, compared to its size. At the place of the supposed medieval town’s main square, a plan was put out to competition to build a new town center. In 2008, as the winners of the previously mentioned competition, we began to design the town center, town hall, saloon, cultural center, a new main square and other public spaces. However, in the next few years the emergence of the economic crisis overwrote the original ideas and required the revision of the design program. Considering sustainability and cost-effectiveness the development of the town center took a new direction. We completely redefined the design program, which put the emphasis on the utilization of the existing and idle buildings. Moreover modernization, refurbishment and expansion were major concerns with a low number of new constructions. The only entirely new element is the events hall.
The events hall can be found at the place of the town hall, designed originally, in the façade of the medieval German town’s main square. Its role, on the one hand is to provide a face for the town center with being a gate towards the Danube, on the other hand it creates connection between the big and the small events squares. The building can be opened into blade walls, with its ‘disappearing’ gates it is able to serve one and the other, in case of grand events, both. Its events square – open or closed – is suitable for organizing exhibitions, presentations, receptions and craft markets.
The paneling extension of the Health-house’s façade is the contemporary transcript of the ornate wooden pediments of the houses in the Main Street overlooking the Danube. Its actual function is an outdoor covered-open loft ladder, however its main role is to form the facade of the Health-house towards the events square and the Danube.
The refurbishment of the public spaces is adjusted to the current and real needs of the town. As part of the public spaces program, the yard of the Health-house was formed, which is used as a bio market at the weekends. The smaller events square between the events buildings and the Health-house is suitable for organizing minor town programs, a public square calibrated to the size of a small town. The bigger grassy space, facing the Danube, comes alive at the time of the internationally-known Palace Games.
Object-like design
Due to the complex situation, the building was formed not as a new, house-like element of the town, but rather an object-like gesture of the complete landscape. The choice of structure and materials, the definition of the interior and exterior spaces, and the connections among all these were considered as its two tools. The connection between the exterior and interior spaces comes into being in a non-traditional way, by means of windows and doors. The openings on the building serve the object-like state of the house. The building is mainly a transitional space. On the one hand it is a covered-opened shed functioning as a gate-motif, on the other hand it is an events square being able to be differentially open and closed with the other spaces.
Local communities – tourists
In Visegrád there is an active community with strong identity, where participation is easier due to the scale of the settlement, and it can also be observed in the change of the design program. On the other hand, the target audience is an even more considerable layer consists of Hungarian and foreign tourists. The building is eager to satisfy the everyday needs of the inhabitants and in tandem with that, it is able to serve vast crowds at temporary programs as well.
Provisionality
The building functions as a secondary façade, as a membrane, and in certain cases it is transformable. In order to have this quality, wood was chosen as a primary structural and covering material. Wood possesses the features, which meant solution for the problems arose. Natural, local and traditional building material, which also ages fairly and it is alterable, if necessary it can be ‘eliminated’ without any problem. In terms of sustainability, it is also a fine choice in connection with the entire lifecycle of the building.
Sustainability
Beyond the previously mentioned, sustainability meant technologies that can be available also for craftsmen being present in the local community. The building was furnished with individually designed and locally made furniture. It was a crucial aspect to form spaces that can be used in a differentiated way by the constantly changing community and by means of changing the needs it can easily be transformable. It was also essential to minimize demands and spaces and create functions with using the minimum amount of space and materials.
